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Civil Aviation (Consumer Protection and Regulatory Reform) Bill [HL]

Moved by

Lord Holmes of Richmond

31: After Clause 2, insert the following new Clause—

“Use of artificial intelligence in CAA enforcement decisions

(1) Where the CAA uses an artificial intelligence system to inform or support the exercise of its direct enforcement functions under Schedule 1, the CAA must—

(a) ensure that every enforcement decision informed by an artificial intelligence system is reviewed and authorised by a qualified human decision-maker before it takes effect;

(b) conduct bias audits of the system at intervals of not more than 12 months and publish the results;

(c) provide a written explanation of any enforcement decision informed by an artificial intelligence system to the person affected on request;

(d) operate an accessible appeals mechanism through which persons affected by such a decision may challenge the use of the system.

(2) For the purposes of this section “artificial intelligence system” has the meaning given in the AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689), or such other meaning as the Secretary of State may specify by regulations.

(3) The CAA must publish an annual report on its use of artificial intelligence systems in the exercise of its direct enforcement functions.

(4) Any regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.

(5) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.”

Member's explanatory statement

This amendment seeks to require human oversight at every decision point where AI is used in the CAA's direct enforcement functions, mandates annual bias audits with published results, requires written explanations of AI-informed enforcement decisions on request, and establishes an accessible appeals mechanism.