The Department has considered the design of similar schemes in European countries as pEPR has been developed in the UK. However, direct comparisons of fee levels can be misleading because schemes differ in scope, in how drinks containers are treated, and how waste management costs are reflected.

In the UK, fees are calculated to reflect the real costs faced by local authorities. The methodology uses weight and estimated packaging volume, alongside other costs associated with collection, treatment and disposal.

PackUK plan to launch a Call for Evidence this year to inform future approaches to fee modulation.

Most new EU students who were not lawfully resident in the UK before the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020 pay international tuition fees. Changes to tuition fees status for EU students were not agreed at the May 2025 Summit and do not form part of the Common Understanding. We are focussed on implementing what was agreed at the May 2025 Summit.

Most new EU students who were not lawfully resident in the UK before the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020 pay international tuition fees. Changes to tuition fees status for EU students were not agreed at the May 2025 Summit and do not form part of the Common Understanding.

VAT is a broad-based tax on consumption and is normally due in the country where the consumer of the goods or services is located. The application of this destination principle in VAT achieves neutrality in international trade. The VAT rate applied is a matter for the jurisdiction in question.

We note the introduction of a handling fee on small parcels into the EU is still under discussion. Any VAT and handling fee would be applied on import to the EU, this wouldn't be a cost directly borne by UK consumers.

Where changes to fee legislation are made, Impact Assessments are produced which identify potential impacts resulting from the changes. The most recent Equality Impact Assessment which includes considerations in respect of citizenship fees for children is published here:

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukia/2026/44/pdfs/ukia_20260044_en.pdf.

Fees for immigration and nationality applications are kept under review. From 08 April 2026, the fee for an application to register as a British citizen for individuals under the age of 18 was reduced from £1,214 to £1,000. The reduction aligns with the Government’s commitment to lower financial barriers for children and young adults who are rooted in the UK and who may otherwise face challenges in accessing British nationality.

Children seeking to register as a British citizen will have the fee waived if they are able to credibly demonstrate that they cannot afford the fee. In addition, where an application has been made by or on behalf of a child who is looked after by a Local Authority, no fee is payable and it is not necessary for the child’s financial circumstances to be evidenced.

Information on eligibility for under-18 Fee Waiver applications can be found on GOV.UK at the link below:

Get a citizenship application fee waiver if you’re under 18 - GOV.UK.

Where changes to fee legislation are made, Impact Assessments are produced which identify potential impacts resulting from the changes. The most recent Equality Impact Assessment which includes considerations in respect of citizenship fees for children is published here:

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukia/2026/44/pdfs/ukia_20260044_en.pdf.

Fees for immigration and nationality applications are kept under review. From 08 April 2026, the fee for an application to register as a British citizen for individuals under the age of 18 was reduced from £1,214 to £1,000. The reduction aligns with the Government’s commitment to lower financial barriers for children and young adults who are rooted in the UK and who may otherwise face challenges in accessing British nationality.

Children seeking to register as a British citizen will have the fee waived if they are able to credibly demonstrate that they cannot afford the fee. In addition, where an application has been made by or on behalf of a child who is looked after by a Local Authority, no fee is payable and it is not necessary for the child’s financial circumstances to be evidenced.

Information on eligibility for under-18 Fee Waiver applications can be found on GOV.UK at the link below:

Get a citizenship application fee waiver if you’re under 18 - GOV.UK.

Where changes to fee legislation are made, Impact Assessments are produced which identify potential impacts resulting from the changes. The most recent Equality Impact Assessment which includes considerations in respect of citizenship fees for children is published here:

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukia/2026/44/pdfs/ukia_20260044_en.pdf.

Fees for immigration and nationality applications are kept under review. From 08 April 2026, the fee for an application to register as a British citizen for individuals under the age of 18 was reduced from £1,214 to £1,000. The reduction aligns with the Government’s commitment to lower financial barriers for children and young adults who are rooted in the UK and who may otherwise face challenges in accessing British nationality.

Children seeking to register as a British citizen will have the fee waived if they are able to credibly demonstrate that they cannot afford the fee. In addition, where an application has been made by or on behalf of a child who is looked after by a Local Authority, no fee is payable and it is not necessary for the child’s financial circumstances to be evidenced.

Information on eligibility for under-18 Fee Waiver applications can be found on GOV.UK at the link below:

Get a citizenship application fee waiver if you’re under 18 - GOV.UK.

Northern Ireland is an integral part of the United Kingdom’s internal market and customs territory. Ministers and officials speak regularly with stakeholders regarding the implementation of the Windsor Framework, including arrangements for parcels. Dual market access ensures that goods can move between Northern Ireland and the EU without the need for customs declarations or duty, including goods moving through Great Britain.

UK nationals and their children living in the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland, who wish to study in the UK, will be eligible for automatic home fee status and student support for courses starting up to seven years from the end of the transition period.

The seven-year period ensures that eligible UK nationals and their children, whose normal place of residence is in the EEA or Switzerland but wish to undertake higher education in England, will still be able to access home fee status and student financial support immediately on their return to the UK during this time.

From 1 January 2028, UK nationals and their children must normally have been ordinarily resident in the UK and Islands (Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) for at least three years immediately before the start of their course to qualify for automatic home fee status and student support.

To qualify for automatic home fee status and higher education student support, students must normally be settled in the UK and have been ordinarily resident in the UK and Islands for at least three years before their course begins. However, if a student has spent time overseas due to their own or a specified family member’s temporary employment abroad, this does not interrupt their ordinary residence in the UK, providing flexibility for those who have not made a long-term decision to live outside the UK. Decisions on whether a student meets the criteria for home fee status rest with higher education providers, which are independent and autonomous bodies. Student Finance England makes decisions about eligibility for student finance.

UK nationals and their children living in the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland, who wish to study in the UK, will be eligible for automatic home fee status and student support for courses starting up to seven years from the end of the transition period.

The seven-year period ensures that eligible UK nationals and their children, whose normal place of residence is in the EEA or Switzerland but wish to undertake higher education in England, will still be able to access home fee status and student financial support immediately on their return to the UK during this time.

From 1 January 2028, UK nationals and their children must normally have been ordinarily resident in the UK and Islands (Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) for at least three years immediately before the start of their course to qualify for automatic home fee status and student support.

Since the UK is no longer party to the EU Roaming Regulation, known as ‘Roam Like at Home’, it is for mobile operators to decide whether to impose a surcharge on their consumers travelling to the EU for their mobile phone usage.

Illustrative fee-rates for the UK packaging extended producer responsibility (pEPR) scheme in the UK have been published on GOV.UK and we expect to publish final fee-rates June 2025. Fee-rates vary depending on the material that is used. As part of the development of the UK's pEPR scheme, we have studied mature pEPR schemes across Europe and the rest of the world. This has included looking at their fee rates and how they were calculated. Illustrative base fee estimates for the UK are in the same order of magnitude of other countries’ fees. However, comparisons are not straightforward because of differences in waste infrastructure and waste management approaches.

I refer the hon. Member to the answer given on 4^th April 2025, UIN 42346.

Structural differences in countries’ education systems mean that there are limited meaningful comparisons that can be drawn between the UK and other nations. For example, comparatively high fees in the UK mean that private school participation in the UK is particularly concentrated in the wealthiest families relative to countries such as Germany, France, or the US.

The Border Target Operating Model aims to provide a more proportionate and streamlined regime to support businesses of all sizes while maintaining high levels of biosecurity and public health protection.

The improvements to import processes brought about by simplification, digitisation and more sophisticated use of data will benefit all traders importing SPS good to the UK.

Furthermore, Trusted trader schemes will be piloted throughout 2024 and, following successful pilots, trusted trader schemes will be open to businesses that can demonstrate they meet the necessary requirements. These schemes aim to minimise burdens and provide benefits to businesses, consumers and government and reduce costs (including running costs).