The government is committed to tackling misogynistic online content and has taken action by criminalising additional forms of intimate image abuse, as well as prioritising these under the Online Safety Act, and introducing new measures including a 48‑hour takedown duty.

Ofcom has produced guidance setting out how providers can take action against harmful content and activity that disproportionately affects women and girls, in recognition of the unique risks they face. Ofcom surveys found 15% of UK adults reported seeing content that objectified or demeaned women in the four weeks prior to January 2026. This was down from 20% in June 2025. We know there is still much more to do and are committed to acting.

The Home Office will be publishing updated Areas of Research interest later this year.

It has not proved possible to respond to the hon. Member in the time available before Prorogation.

Last year, the 10-Year Health Plan was published following a national conversation to make the National Health Service work better for people.

We know that significant unmet need remains for people living with rare diseases, and in February this year we published the England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 to highlight how delivery of the 10-Year Health Plan will address challenges for people living with rare diseases. The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026 is available at the following link:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026/england-rare-diseases-action-plan-2026-main-report

The Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). This includes the NIHR funded RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this. The research includes looking at how we can measure time to diagnosis for rare diseases which includes those that are covered by Newborn Blood Spot (NBS).

Another example of NIHR funded research is the evaluation of test accuracy studies in NBS screening and rare disease settings. This project aims to provide guidance on the evidence needed to evaluate the accuracy of NBS screening to ultimately improve the quality of the available evidence base to support better decision making about new or modified screening programmes.

For very rare conditions, it is difficult to generate robust evidence to demonstrate the value of screening, because so few babies are affected. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC), which advises the Government on all screening matters, is working with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NBS screening programme.

Information about how the UK NSC makes screening recommendations, and how stakeholders and members of the public can be involved, is available at the following link:

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-nsc-evidence-consultations-and-reviews

The UK NSC’s terms of reference are available online and can be found via the following link:

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-national-screening-committee/about#terms-of-reference

These were last reviewed and updated in 2022. The terms of reference are set by the four United Kingdom health departments and are signed off by the four chief medical officers.

In the last few years, the UK NSC has recommended lung cancer screening, newborn screening for tyrosinaemia type 1, human papillomavirus self-sampling in under-screened women in the Cervical Screening Programme, research activity into rare diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, the extension of intervals for diabetic eye screening, the use of DNA in the mother’s blood in the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme, digital pathology in the cancer screening programmes, and extra tests for Edwards syndrome in pregnancy. It has also worked with partners to develop a very large trial on artificial intelligence in breast screening.

The UK NSC uses international published evidence from all across the world. Some countries or regions reportedly screen for a condition when it is only at the pilot or research stage. Some ‘screening programmes’ just test for a condition rather than being end-to-end quality-assured programmes that include diagnosis, treatment, and care. And screening in some countries is delivered regionally, or even just by individual hospitals, rather than nationally. They are therefore not directly comparable to the national screening programmes offered in the UK.

The UK NSC last reviewed screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) in 2025. At the November 2025 UK NSC meeting, committee members concluded that there was not enough evidence to support newborn screening for MLD. However, members agreed that MLD would be a good candidate for inclusion in a multi-condition in-service evaluation (ISE) within the UK newborn blood spot screening programme, called EquipoISE. Full details of this review, including the evidence that was considered, are available at the following link:

https://view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk/metachromatic-leukodystrophy/

EquipoISE is a proposed rolling, multi-condition ISE embedded within the NHS NBS screening programme that would help the UK NSC make timely evidence-based recommendations on multiple rare conditions. EquipoISE would evaluate multiple conditions simultaneously, sharing a single research infrastructure. This would significantly reduce costs and setup time, rather than conducting expensive, one-off studies for each individual rare condition.

The UK NSC is using EquipoISE in its work with experts and partner organisations to look at how to make it easier to develop the evidence needed to make robust recommendations on the addition of more rare diseases to the NHS NBS screening programme.

UK NSC members and Department officials met with stakeholders, including ArchAngel MLD Trust, the MPS Society, MLD Support UK, and the Newborn Screening Collaborative, in February this year.

The international student levy will fund the reintroduction of maintenance grants for disadvantaged students studying level 4 to 6 courses aligned with the government’s missions and the Industrial Strategy.

Higher education (HE) providers are independent from government and responsible for managing their own finances, including any impact from the international student levy. To support providers’ financial planning, the levy will be introduced in 2028/29 and paid one year in arrears, with an allowance of 220 students applying per provider per year.

We have also announced tuition fee cap increases in line with forecast inflation for the 2025/26, 2026/27 and 2027/28 academic years, and will legislate, when parliamentary time allows, to increase caps automatically for future years. Over the next five years, these uplifts could generate an additional £6 billion for HE providers, significantly outweighing the currently projected less than £1 billion levy cost.

The Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). In December 2025, the NIHR announced an initial £13.7 million investment in the Brain Tumour Research Consortium. In January 2026, the NIHR announced further investment of a minimum of £11.7 million in the consortium through funding of work packages. This brings the total investment to over £25 million.

The exact amount paid as of March 2026 is £50,000, which was paid to the contractor on 31 December 2025. This payment was made to support start up activities for the consortium. The NIHR does not currently hold up-to-date expenditure, or a detailed breakdown of how this funding has been spent. This information is currently held by the research team of the NIHR Brain Tumour Research Consortium and will be provided to the NIHR in the future as part of the project’s annual financial returns.

For all awards, contracting and further payments are contingent upon teams submitting and reviewing detailed costs and, if applicable, agreeing to the suggested amendments and requests for clarification which are currently in progress.

Future payments will be issued over the period of the award contracts, which range from five to 10 years, as per the schedule of payments agreed between the NIHR and the consortium.

Information on all awards will be made publicly available in due course. The NIHR is working to ensure that new investments can get up and running as soon as possible. Oversight of the Brain Tumour Research Consortium is the responsibility of the NIHR.

In addition, the NIHR continues to strongly encourage brain cancer research applications through its regular funding opportunities.

The National Cancer Plan, published on the 4 February 2026, sets out several commitments and ambitions, to be delivered within the next 10 years. The role of the reformed National Cancer Board will be to support and monitor the delivery of the commitments and ambitions and provide regular updates to ministers.

To hold us accountable across these commitments, and to drive forward progress for rare cancer patients, we will appoint a National Clinical Lead for Rare Cancers, who will provide independent advice on improving outcomes.

Until the appointment is made, NHS England’s Clinical Advisory Group has leads for specific rare cancers to provide NHS England and the Department with clinical advice. Professor Lucy Chappell, the Department’s Chief Scientific Adviser, is the Chief Executive Officer for the NIHR.

The Department invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). In December 2025, the NIHR announced an initial £13.7 million investment in the Brain Tumour Research Consortium. In January 2026, the NIHR announced further investment of a minimum of £11.7 million in the consortium through funding of work packages. This brings the total investment to over £25 million.

The exact amount paid as of March 2026 is £50,000, which was paid to the contractor on 31 December 2025. This payment was made to support start up activities for the consortium. The NIHR does not currently hold up-to-date expenditure, or a detailed breakdown of how this funding has been spent. This information is currently held by the research team of the NIHR Brain Tumour Research Consortium and will be provided to the NIHR in the future as part of the project’s annual financial returns.

For all awards, contracting and further payments are contingent upon teams submitting and reviewing detailed costs and, if applicable, agreeing to the suggested amendments and requests for clarification which are currently in progress.

Future payments will be issued over the period of the award contracts, which range from five to 10 years, as per the schedule of payments agreed between the NIHR and the consortium.

Information on all awards will be made publicly available in due course. The NIHR is working to ensure that new investments can get up and running as soon as possible. Oversight of the Brain Tumour Research Consortium is the responsibility of the NIHR.

In addition, the NIHR continues to strongly encourage brain cancer research applications through its regular funding opportunities.

The National Cancer Plan, published on the 4 February 2026, sets out several commitments and ambitions, to be delivered within the next 10 years. The role of the reformed National Cancer Board will be to support and monitor the delivery of the commitments and ambitions and provide regular updates to ministers.

To hold us accountable across these commitments, and to drive forward progress for rare cancer patients, we will appoint a National Clinical Lead for Rare Cancers, who will provide independent advice on improving outcomes.

Until the appointment is made, NHS England’s Clinical Advisory Group has leads for specific rare cancers to provide NHS England and the Department with clinical advice. Professor Lucy Chappell, the Department’s Chief Scientific Adviser, is the Chief Executive Officer for the NIHR.

The Department funds research on health and social care through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The NIHR welcomes funding applications for research into any aspect of human health and social care, including kidney disease. These applications are subject to peer review and judged in open competition, with awards being made on the basis of the importance of the topic to patients and health and care services, value for money, and scientific quality. Funding opportunities are openly published on the NIHR website, which is available at the following link:

https://www.nihr.ac.uk/

One can propose research topics to the NIHR at the following link: https://www.nihr.ac.uk/get-involved/suggest-a-research-topic

In the last five financial years between 2020/21 and 2024/25, the NIHR has spent £37,529,199 in direct research on kidney disease. Between 2020/21 and 2024/25, approximately 10,871 people participated in NIHR-supported kidney disease studies. In the same time period, 152 studies relating to kidney disease were supported through the NIHR Research Delivery Network, with 34 of these studies having recruitment sites in Surrey. There were 65 NIHR-funded research and career development awards focusing on kidney disease research started between 2020/21 and 2024/25, with a combined funding of approximately £44 million.

One can find out more information about the work NIHR does to support and deliver research into kidney disease, including case studies, on the NIHR website at the following link:

https://www.nihr.ac.uk/support-and-services/support-for-delivering-research/specialties-and-settings/specialties

It has not proved possible to respond to the hon. Member in the time available before Prorogation.

In 2025, the Office for Equality and Opportunity commissioned new research on equal pay and combined discrimination.

This research is currently underway, and we will provide an update in due course.​​

The Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) is currently leading a research project, 'Cost Benefit Analysis of Noise Mitigation on the Rail Network', to support the Government's Noise Action Plans and development of future rail noise policy. There are no plans at the current time to commission research specifically on the impact of noise pollution from passenger information announcements.

Government responsibility for delivering motor neurone disease (MND) research is shared between the Department of Health and Social Care, with research delivered by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, with research delivered via UK Research and Innovation, primarily by the Medical Research Council.

It is not the usual process of the NIHR to allocate funds for research into specific conditions. The NIHR welcomes funding applications for research into any aspect of human health and care, including MND. Our approach to funding research is through open and fair competition and peer review to ensure that the highest-quality proposals, most likely to deliver real impact for patients, are funded without imposing financial targets or limits.

The Government is investing in MND research across a range of areas, including possible treatments. For example, the MND Translational Accelerator, supported by £6 million of Government funding, has twelve projects all aimed at speeding up the development of treatments for MND.

The NIHR has also invested £8 million into EXPERTS-ALS, a pre-clinical study which is designed to accelerate the identification and testing of the most promising treatment candidates for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the most common form of MND. This will connect to the later phase platform trial, MND SMART.

Welcoming applications on MND to all NIHR programmes enables maximum flexibility both in terms of amount of research funding a particular area can be awarded, and the type of research which can be funded.

Government responsibility for delivering research into rare diseases is shared between the Department of Health and Social Care, with research delivered via the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, with research delivered via UK Research and Innovation, which includes the Medical Research Council (MRC).

The Department of Health and Social Care invests over £1.7 billion each year on research through the NIHR, including research on rare diseases, such as the RareCare study which aims to better understand what causes delays to diagnosis so we can take steps to address this.

The Government is committed to improving the lives of those living with rare diseases through the UK Rare Diseases Framework. Pioneering research is an underpinning theme of the framework. In the 2025 England Rare Disease Action Plan we introduced a new action to support rare disease research through changes to clinical trial regulations. For rare disease research, where patient populations are small and trial designs often complex, the flexibility and proportionality of this framework will enable more efficient set-up and conduct of clinical trials. We have also made significant investments to support rare disease research. This includes the Rare Disease Research UK Platform, a £14 million investment over five years from the MRC and the NIHR, announced in 2023, which is now established and positioned well within the rare disease research landscape. Further information the Rare Disease Research UK Platform is available at the following link:

https://rd-research.org.uk/nodes/

The Government welcomes the research from Resource Futures and recognises the importance of reducing marine litter from abandoned vessels.

Drawing on this research, the UK has led work with other countries in the North East Atlantic as part of the OSPAR Convention to develop best practice guidance on the prevention, reporting, and management of end-of-life recreational vessels. This will now be discussed by OSPAR contracting parties and, if it is agreed, will be published this summer and made available for use by practitioners and policymakers globally.

The Government will consider next steps for how this guidance is implemented nationally.

The Department invests in research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). Cancer is a major area of NIHR spending at £141.6 million in 2024/25, reflecting its high priority. This includes research into ovarian cancer specifically, for example the £1.9 million PICCOS trial, which is testing whether Pressurised IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy is better at managing cancer spread to the lining of the abdominal cavity than standard chemotherapy in several forms of cancer, including ovarian. In addition, NIHR funded research has demonstrated that the IOTA ADNEX ultrasound model can identify nine out of every 10 ovarian cancers and could offer a much more reliable method for finding ovarian cancer early in women who have not yet reached menopause.

As well as funding research itself, the Department invests significantly in research expertise and capacity, specialist facilities, support services, and collaborations to support and deliver research in England, known as NIHR infrastructure. NIHR infrastructure underpins research.

It is not the usual process of the NIHR to allocate funds for research into specific conditions. The NIHR welcomes funding applications for research into any aspect of human health and care, including ovarian cancer. Our approach to funding research is through open and fair competition and peer review to ensure that the highest-quality proposals, most likely to deliver real impact for patients, are funded without imposing financial targets or limits.

The Government is committed to supporting people with neurodevelopmental conditions, including autistic people, and we are taking action to increase awareness and understanding of autism across the health and social care sector, education, and employment.

The Health and Care Act 2022 requires that, from 1 July 2022, health and care providers registered with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) must ensure their staff receive specific training on autism appropriate to their role. This will ensure that health and care staff have the right knowledge and skills to provide safe and appropriate care for autistic people. As part of this, significant progress has been made to roll out the Oliver McGowan Mandatory Training on Learning Disability and Autism which has been designed and is delivered alongside people with lived experience. Over three million people have now completed the e-learning component of the training and the statutory Code of Practice for this training has been published.

NHS England has also taken action to increase understanding of autism within mental health services specifically by supporting the transition of the National Autism Trainer Programme in mental health services to become embedded 'business as usual' training. 5,000 trainers have been trained who will be cascading the training to teams across mental health services, residential special schools and colleges, and youth justice settings. NHS England also commissioned the Royal College of Psychiatrists to deliver the National Autism Training Programme for Psychiatrists, with over 300 psychiatrists trained in the past three years.

Work is also underway to raise awareness of autism in education settings. The Schools White Paper, Every child achieving and thriving, and consultation on special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) reforms published on 23 February outline plans to increase education staff understanding of SEND, including autism, through improved training and better access to experts, building on the Partnerships for Inclusion of Neurodiversity in Schools programme. The Every child achieving and thriving White Paper is available at the following link:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/every-child-achieving-and-thriving

The Government is also committed to raising awareness of all forms of neurodiversity, including autism, in the workplace and the Department for Work and Pensions launched an independent panel of academics with expertise and experiences of neurodiversity in January 2025 to advise on boosting neurodiversity awareness and inclusion at work.

Government responsibility for delivering research into autism is shared between the Department of Health and Social Care, with research delivered by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, with research delivered via UK Research and Innovation, which includes the Medical Research Council (MRC).

The MRC generally focusses on early biomedical research, including cellular and animal models, while the NIHR funds translational and applied research, where treatments and interventions are tested in real world populations and health and care settings. An example of NIHR investment in autism research is the £2.8 million SAFE trial, which aims to develop interventions to better support and improve the wellbeing of families of autistic children. As well as funding research itself, the Department of Health and Social Care invests significantly in research expertise and capacity, specialist facilities, support services, and collaborations to support and deliver research in England, known as NIHR infrastructure. This includes the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, which has supported research into the brain signalling of individuals with autism to help develop a range of targeted medicine choices.

The NIHR continues to welcome funding applications for research into any aspect of human health and care, including autism.

The Sovereign AI Fund operates on a commercial basis and within the UK’s existing legal framework. Companies receiving equity investment through Sovereign AI undergo due diligence before receiving funds or other support and are expected to comply with all applicable laws, including UK copyright law.

The Government has been clear that copyright rules should be respected. Use of copyright works to train AI in the UK requires a licence unless an exception applies. Companies supported by the Sovereign AI Fund are expected to comply with applicable UK law.

The Sovereign AI Fund operates on a commercial basis and within the UK’s existing legal framework. Companies receiving equity investment through Sovereign AI undergo due diligence before receiving funds or other support and are expected to comply with all applicable laws, including UK copyright law.

The Government has been clear that copyright rules should be respected. Use of copyright works to train AI in the UK requires a licence unless an exception applies. Companies supported by the Sovereign AI Fund are expected to comply with applicable UK law.

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) receives data from Optum, Vision, and TPP SystmOne practices, which represent the three largest clinical system providers to general practices (GPs). 32% of practices across all four nations currently participate in CPRD. As of 22 April, there are 7,660 practices in total, 2,428 of which currently have requested to contribute data to CPRD. The following table shows the number of practices in each nation:

CPRD is mandated to operate on a cost-recovery basis and holds contracts with all three of the main data providers. CPRD’s current data licence and service fees are only able to support a maximum of 35% population coverage across the United Kingdom. The focus is therefore on a representative practice and patient sample rather than 100% coverage.

For Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, previous IT system limitations restricting participation are currently being lifted which will allow for further participation across the three devolved nations.

CPRD currently has 402 TPP practices signed up in England. However, due to technical issues, CPRD is unable to use TPP patient data and continues to work with the supplier to find a solution.

If a patient registers for a type 1 opt-out with their GP, or registers for the National Data Opt-out, then CPRD will not receive any new data for that patient.

The number of type 1 opt-outs are not recorded centrally, as it is not possible to specify how many people who registered for a National Data Opt-out did so to opt-out of the sharing of their data via the CPRD, as the opt-out covers a range of research. Information on the numbers of National Data Opt-outs is published at the following link:

https://digital.nhs.uk/dashboards/national-data-opt-out-open-data

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) receives data from Optum, Vision, and TPP SystmOne practices, which represent the three largest clinical system providers to general practices (GPs). 32% of practices across all four nations currently participate in CPRD. As of 22 April, there are 7,660 practices in total, 2,428 of which currently have requested to contribute data to CPRD. The following table shows the number of practices in each nation:

CPRD is mandated to operate on a cost-recovery basis and holds contracts with all three of the main data providers. CPRD’s current data licence and service fees are only able to support a maximum of 35% population coverage across the United Kingdom. The focus is therefore on a representative practice and patient sample rather than 100% coverage.

For Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, previous IT system limitations restricting participation are currently being lifted which will allow for further participation across the three devolved nations.

CPRD currently has 402 TPP practices signed up in England. However, due to technical issues, CPRD is unable to use TPP patient data and continues to work with the supplier to find a solution.

If a patient registers for a type 1 opt-out with their GP, or registers for the National Data Opt-out, then CPRD will not receive any new data for that patient.

The number of type 1 opt-outs are not recorded centrally, as it is not possible to specify how many people who registered for a National Data Opt-out did so to opt-out of the sharing of their data via the CPRD, as the opt-out covers a range of research. Information on the numbers of National Data Opt-outs is published at the following link:

https://digital.nhs.uk/dashboards/national-data-opt-out-open-data