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To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the contribution of (1) defence, (2) advanced manufacturing, and (3) artificial intelligence, to improving the United Kingdom’s long-term economic growth prospects.
To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the contribution of (1) defence, (2) advanced manufacturing, and (3) artificial intelligence, to improving the United Kingdom’s long-term economic growth prospects.
The Office for Budget Responsibility produces its forecasts independently and is responsible for the assumptions underpinning them.
The Government is committed to increasing the UK's long-term growth potential.
The Government’s strategy to boost growth and improve productivity has been guided by three principles: restoring economic stability, increasing investment, and reforming the economy to remove barriers to growth.
We have made significant progress, including through implementing the Planning and Infrastructure Act and are backing businesses by delivering the modern Industrial Strategy. We have also introduced reforms to unlock private sector investment, including through legislative changes to the pensions system, and to strengthen the UK's skills base, such as by introducing the Growth and Skills Levy.
Last year, RTI-based productivity growth was 2.2 per cent, the fastest calendar year rate outside the pandemic in more than a decade. Whole economy investment has risen to 5.6% above its level at the start of this Parliament.
In the 2026 Mais Lecture, the Chancellor set out how the Government is going even further on this agenda with three big choices: empowering regional growth, embracing AI & innovation, and establishing a closer relationship with the EU.
To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to publish a detailed plan to invest 3.5 per cent of GDP on core defence spending by 2035; and if so when.
To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to publish a detailed plan to invest 3.5 per cent of GDP on core defence spending by 2035; and if so when.
On 30 June, the Government published the Defence Investment Plan (DIP), committing an additional £15bn over four years to defence spending. From 2027-28 onwards, the UK will spend 2.7% of GDP on core NATO defence spending, solidifying its position as the NATO Alliance’s third-largest cash spender, behind only the US and Germany.
The Government has committed to increasing defence spending to 3% of GDP in the next Parliament, with funding and plans to be set out at the next spending review. Alongside NATO allies, the UK has committed to reach 3.5% of GDP on defence spending by 2035. The UK remains committed to meeting its obligations to the Defence Investment Pledge. All Allies will review the trajectory and spend in 2029, when NATO next reviews its capability plans.
My right honourable friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Rachel Reeves) has made the following Written Ministerial Statement.
The first job of any government is to keep people safe. Since I’ve been Chancellor, I’ve been clear that national security is central to our economic security, and we have invested record sums...
My right honourable friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Rachel Reeves) has made the following Written Ministerial Statement.
The first job of any government is to keep people safe. Since I’ve been Chancellor, I’ve been clear that national security is central to our economic security, and we have invested record sums...
To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have, if any, to reduce the level of funding for the Defence Investment Plan over the next four years; and, if so, to what level.
To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have, if any, to reduce the level of funding for the Defence Investment Plan over the next four years; and, if so, to what level.
The budget for the Ministry of Defence (MOD) to 2028-29 (RDEL) and 2029-30 (CDEL) was set via the Spending Review 2025 and will be reviewed along with all other departments in Spending Review 2027.
This budget supports the Prime Minister’s commitment to reach NATO qualifying defence spending of 2.6 per cent of GDP by April next year.
The Defence Investment Plan will set out MOD's plans to ensure resources are directed effectively to meet its priorities and deliver value for taxpayers. We are working hard to finalise this, and it will be published soon.
To ask His Majesty’s Government what consideration they have given to joining the proposed defence, security and resilience bank.
To ask His Majesty’s Government what consideration they have given to joining the proposed defence, security and resilience bank.
My Lords, while we are of course interested in working with NATO allies such as Canada, we have no current plans to join the defence, security and resilience bank. Our priority is to progress the proposed multilateral defence mechanism with a core group of EU and NATO allies and partners, including Denmark, Finland, Poland and the Netherlands. This mechanism will aim to aggregate demand, drive joint procurement, accelerate defence investment and increase the availability of critical capabilities such as munitions as we step up shared defence and security commitments.
My Lords, while we are of course interested in working with NATO allies such as Canada, we have no current plans to join the defence, security and resilience bank. Our priority is to progress the proposed multilateral defence mechanism with a core group of EU and NATO allies and partners, including Denmark, Finland, Poland and the Netherlands. This mechanism will aim to aggregate demand, drive joint procurement, accelerate defence investment and increase the availability of critical capabilities such as munitions as we step up shared defence and security commitments.
My Lords, while we are of course interested in working with NATO allies such as Canada, we have no current plans to join the defence, security and resilience bank. Our priority is to progress the proposed multilateral defence mechanism with a core group of EU and NATO allies and partners, including Denmark, Finland, Poland and the Netherlands. This mechanism will aim to aggregate demand, drive joint procurement, accelerate defence investment and increase the availability of critical capabilities such as munitions as we step up shared defence and security commitments.
To ask His Majesty’s Government what consideration they have given to joining the proposed defence, security and resilience bank.
I am grateful to the noble Lord for his Question. I am pleased to see that he has made a full recovery; I know he was battling a very heavy cold during our recent King’s Speech debate. I fully recognise that I am no defence expert, but I thought that the Prime Minister put this point particularly well in his recent Munich speech. He said that
“we must move forward together to create a more European NATO. As I see it, Europe is a sleeping giant … We have huge defence capabilities, yet too often this adds up to less than the sum of its parts. Fragmented industrial planning and procurement have led to gaps in some areas, and massive duplication in others. Europe has over 20 types of frigate, and 10 types of fighter jet. We have over 10 types of main battle tank, whilst the US has one. It’s wildly inefficient, and it harms our collective security”.
The noble Lord may well share that analysis and worldview. That is why the Government’s focus is, as I said, to work on the proposed multilateral defence mechanism with a core group of EU and NATO allies and partners, with the goal of establishing it by 2027.
I am grateful to the noble Lord for his Question. I am pleased to see that he has made a full recovery; I know he was battling a very heavy cold during our recent King’s Speech debate. I fully recognise that I am no defence expert, but I thought that the Prime Minister put this point particularly well in his recent Munich speech. He said that
“we must move forward together to create a more European NATO. As I see it, Europe is a sleeping giant … We have huge defence capabilities, yet too often this adds up to less than the sum of its parts. Fragmented industrial planning and procurement have led to gaps in some areas, and massive duplication in others. Europe has over 20 types of frigate, and 10 types of fighter jet. We have over 10 types of main battle tank, whilst the US has one. It’s wildly inefficient, and it harms our collective security”.
The noble Lord may well share that analysis and worldview. That is why the Government’s focus is, as I said, to work on the proposed multilateral defence mechanism with a core group of EU and NATO allies and partners, with the goal of establishing it by 2027.
My Lords, as the Minister knows, financing rearmament is a challenge for all NATO countries, which is why I am a bit puzzled by the Government’s response. A viable defence, security and resilience bank would tick a number of important boxes: it would be multilateral; it would work with a greater number of allies; it would help project finance span election cycles; and it would cost-effectively pull in private finance. Yet last September the British Government ruled out joining the scheme, and this year when Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney made a direct request, the British Prime Minister gave only a lukewarm response. Why is it not in the interests of this country to pursue the creation of this scheme, which could go alongside all other schemes?
As I am sure the noble Lord knows, the defence investment plan is the first zero-based review of defence spending in almost two decades. It will set out the MoD’s plans to ensure that resources are directed effectively to meet its priorities. The Government are working hard to facilitate this and to ensure that it delivers the outcomes the UK needs for defence and for taxpayers, and it will be published shortly.
As I am sure the noble Lord knows, the defence investment plan is the first zero-based review of defence spending in almost two decades. It will set out the MoD’s plans to ensure that resources are directed effectively to meet its priorities. The Government are working hard to facilitate this and to ensure that it delivers the outcomes the UK needs for defence and for taxpayers, and it will be published shortly.
My Lords, on a note of agreement, I agree with the Minister—I think—on his position on the defence bank, which may surprise him. He set out the importance of defence procurement. Given that there was much speculative briefing over the past few days about the Government’s defence spending commitments, is he able to update the House on the much-delayed defence investment plan, which is very important in making those commitments, particularly to the British defence industry?
I agree with much of my noble friend’s analysis, but they are two slightly separate issues. The Government have been very clear that there is nothing contradictory between ESG considerations and defence, and that no company should ever be denied access to financial services solely on the basis that they work in the defence sector. The Government are working closely with the defence sector and with financial services to identify the extent of this issue, to reduce barriers to essential banking services and to support a resilient defence industry. More widely, the proposed multilateral defence mechanism will help
improve value for money and address fragmentation in the defence sector through joint procurement. It will support greater standardisation and interoperability, helping to ensure that allies’ capabilities work together more effectively. It will increase the availability of munitions and other critical capabilities when we need them most. It will support a more resilient and efficient defence industrial sector, and it will accelerate defence sector investment.
I agree with much of my noble friend’s analysis, but they are two slightly separate issues. The Government have been very clear that there is nothing contradictory between ESG considerations and defence, and that no company should ever be denied access to financial services solely on the basis that they work in the defence sector. The Government are working closely with the defence sector and with financial services to identify the extent of this issue, to reduce barriers to essential banking services and to support a resilient defence industry. More widely, the proposed multilateral defence mechanism will help
improve value for money and address fragmentation in the defence sector through joint procurement. It will support greater standardisation and interoperability, helping to ensure that allies’ capabilities work together more effectively. It will increase the availability of munitions and other critical capabilities when we need them most. It will support a more resilient and efficient defence industrial sector, and it will accelerate defence sector investment.
My Lords, does my noble friend the Minister accept that there is a significant problem of access to finance for the defence industry, particularly for medium and small enterprises, driven partly by absurd bans on investment in our national defence by financial institutions? Given the failure, frankly, of the City and the Government to address this systemic problem, should we not at least give serious consideration to, and engage in discussions on, this initiative from the Canadian Prime Minister, Mark Carney?
The scale and precise focus of the mechanism remain to be determined, but the scope of those activities would include lending to sovereigns and to the sector and providing loans to supply chains and loans for capacity expansion. We anticipate that it will make a material contribution to defence spending and investment across those involved. The intention is that this mechanism will be established as an independent international financial institution underpinned by an international agreement and with sovereign countries as members in the first instance. As with other international financial institutions, paid-in capital will be expected to leverage in private sector funding by a multiple of that initial contribution.
The scale and precise focus of the mechanism remain to be determined, but the scope of those activities would include lending to sovereigns and to the sector and providing loans to supply chains and loans for capacity expansion. We anticipate that it will make a material contribution to defence spending and investment across those involved. The intention is that this mechanism will be established as an independent international financial institution underpinned by an international agreement and with sovereign countries as members in the first instance. As with other international financial institutions, paid-in capital will be expected to leverage in private sector funding by a multiple of that initial contribution.
My Lords, is the idea behind this plan to meet vital public expenditure needs without upsetting the bond markets too much? Can the Minister just explain a little more how it will work?
No, and I do not quite understand why the noble Baroness is confused, because we are doing exactly what she says. We are setting up—or being part of—a proposed multilateral defence mechanism. I thought the noble Baroness would share a similar worldview in terms of wanting to see greater amounts of co-operation and procurement among a core group of EU allies and NATO allies and partners. What she is asking for is exactly what the Government are exploring.
No, and I do not quite understand why the noble Baroness is confused, because we are doing exactly what she says. We are setting up—or being part of—a proposed multilateral defence mechanism. I thought the noble Baroness would share a similar worldview in terms of wanting to see greater amounts of co-operation and procurement among a core group of EU allies and NATO allies and partners. What she is asking for is exactly what the Government are exploring.
My Lords, I am now completely bewildered. I would have thought that, with the state of the gilts market, the Government would be leaping at the opportunity to find AAA financing for their defence expenditure, and on a multilateral basis. Are we dealing with the underlying problem of a Treasury that basically says, “not invented here”, rather than looking at an opportunity that has been virtually handed to it?
I am grateful to the noble and gallant Lord for what he says. I am sure I was aware of it, but probably not as aware as he is because I am nothing like the expert that he is. But, absolutely, that is exactly what the defence industrial strategy is designed to do. It outlines how the Government will support a strong, innovative defence sector to equip and protect the Armed Forces. It focuses on securing supply chains, boosting high-skilled jobs, investing in new technologies and ensuring national security, while delivering value for money and supporting economic growth. The substantial investment in the defence industrial strategy will drive R&D and innovation across the UK, including developing technologies such as AI, quantum and space capabilities.
I am grateful to the noble and gallant Lord for what he says. I am sure I was aware of it, but probably not as aware as he is because I am nothing like the expert that he is. But, absolutely, that is exactly what the defence industrial strategy is designed to do. It outlines how the Government will support a strong, innovative defence sector to equip and protect the Armed Forces. It focuses on securing supply chains, boosting high-skilled jobs, investing in new technologies and ensuring national security, while delivering value for money and supporting economic growth. The substantial investment in the defence industrial strategy will drive R&D and innovation across the UK, including developing technologies such as AI, quantum and space capabilities.
My Lords, does the Minister recognise that, when we refer to the defence industry these days, we are talking not about the traditional defence companies but about industry much more widely? We have seen clear examples of this in the Ukraine war. Will he therefore ensure that whatever multilateral funding arrangements we come up with, they are used to fund an agile, innovative, high-technology industrial base across Europe that can respond rapidly to crises, rather than going into purely the established defence sector?
I welcome the noble Baroness’s conversion to spending more on defence; she had 14 years to do something about it but did not do anything. To ensure that the UK is prepared to respond to growing threats, the Chancellor has announced a £270 billion investment in defence over the course of this Parliament. We have already invested £5.6 billion more in defence this year alone compared with previous plans, and spending on defence is rising every single year of this Parliament. As the noble Baroness knows, NATO qualifying defence spending is set to rise to 2.6% of GDP by April next year. The Government have also set an ambition to spend 3% of GDP on defence in the next Parliament when economic and fiscal conditions allow. The defence investment plan will set out the MoD’s plans to ensure that resources are directed effectively to meet its priorities and deliver value for money for taxpayers. We are working hard to finalise that and it will be published shortly.
I welcome the noble Baroness’s conversion to spending more on defence; she had 14 years to do something about it but did not do anything. To ensure that the UK is prepared to respond to growing threats, the Chancellor has announced a £270 billion investment in defence over the course of this Parliament. We have already invested £5.6 billion more in defence this year alone compared with previous plans, and spending on defence is rising every single year of this Parliament. As the noble Baroness knows, NATO qualifying defence spending is set to rise to 2.6% of GDP by April next year. The Government have also set an ambition to spend 3% of GDP on defence in the next Parliament when economic and fiscal conditions allow. The defence investment plan will set out the MoD’s plans to ensure that resources are directed effectively to meet its priorities and deliver value for money for taxpayers. We are working hard to finalise that and it will be published shortly.
My Lords, the recent noise around Labour’s leadership meltdown has drowned out the fact that the Government have still not announced a date for the publication of what has become the “defence invisibility plan”. Does the Minister agree that the proposed defence, security and resilience bank is a distraction from the need for NATO countries—and that includes the UK—to increase defence expenditure both significantly and quickly?
I start by saying what a pleasure it is to take a question from my noble friend again and to welcome him back to the House. He is known for his optimism, so I hope I can join him in that. But he is absolutely right: 68% of defence spending goes to businesses outside London and the south-east, bolstering regional economies in Scotland and the north-west, which is why our defence industrial strategy that I was discussing earlier is so vital.
I start by saying what a pleasure it is to take a question from my noble friend again and to welcome him back to the House. He is known for his optimism, so I hope I can join him in that. But he is absolutely right: 68% of defence spending goes to businesses outside London and the south-east, bolstering regional economies in Scotland and the north-west, which is why our defence industrial strategy that I was discussing earlier is so vital.
My Lords, will my noble friend confirm that much of the expenditure that he just referred to is in Scotland: in Edinburgh, in Fife, in the Clyde and in the islands? Does he think I am overoptimistic in hoping that the new Scottish Government will give some acknowledgement and credit to the UK Government for all that spending in Scotland?
Lords debate on King's speech (second day) on economic growth, trade and EU partnership.
Lords debate on King's speech (second day) on economic growth, trade and EU partnership.
My Lords, I thank His Majesty for his gracious Speech and all noble Lords for their thoughtful contributions today. I congratulate my noble friend Lady Anderson on her excellent opening speech, and it is now a great privilege to close this debate. It is nearly two years since the first...
My Lords, I thank His Majesty for his gracious Speech and all noble Lords for their thoughtful contributions today. I congratulate my noble friend Lady Anderson on her excellent opening speech, and it is now a great privilege to close this debate. It is nearly two years since the first...
Lords statement on the Government's continued response to the war in the Middle East.
Lords statement on the Government's continued response to the war in the Middle East.
I am grateful to the noble Baronesses, Lady Neville-Rolfe and Lady Kramer, for their comments and their questions. As it is the last day before Recess, I wish both noble Baronesses a very happy Easter in advance.
The noble Baroness, Lady Neville-Rolfe, began her comments by welcoming what we are doing...
I am grateful to the noble Baronesses, Lady Neville-Rolfe and Lady Kramer, for their comments and their questions. As it is the last day before Recess, I wish both noble Baronesses a very happy Easter in advance.
The noble Baroness, Lady Neville-Rolfe, began her comments by welcoming what we are doing...
I am pleased to say that this is a Statement about the economic situation, and I do not think anyone would ever put me in charge of diplomacy. I am not going to stray into matters that are much more properly a subject for my colleagues in the Foreign Office,...
I am pleased to say that this is a Statement about the economic situation, and I do not think anyone would ever put me in charge of diplomacy. I am not going to stray into matters that are much more properly a subject for my colleagues in the Foreign Office,...
I am grateful to the noble Lord for his question. I know he has a great deal of expertise in the specific sectors that he mentioned. Of course, the Treasury and the Department for Business and Trade are constantly monitoring the impact of this crisis on those sectors and we...
I am grateful to the noble Lord for his question. I know he has a great deal of expertise in the specific sectors that he mentioned. Of course, the Treasury and the Department for Business and Trade are constantly monitoring the impact of this crisis on those sectors and we...